Process for manufacturing chewable dosage forms for drug delivery and products thereof

ABSTRACT

A palatable, edible soft chewable medication vehicle for delivery of a pharmaceutically acceptable active ingredient, such as a drug, to an animal or human subject. The edible soft chews contain only food grade or better inactive ingredients, and preferably do not contain ingredients of animal origin. Processes for manufacturing the edible soft chews do not require the use of heat or the addition of water during mixing of active and inactive ingredients, provide stable concentrations of the active ingredient, and produce chews of consistent weight and texture.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 13/396,555 filed Feb. 14, 2012, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,512,787; which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 13/115,919 filed May 25, 2011, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,114,455; which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 11/940,106 filed Nov. 14, 2007, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.7,955,632; which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S.application Ser. No. 11/296,181 filed Dec. 7, 2005, published as U.S.Patent Application Publication 2007/0128251 A1, and now abandoned. Thedisclosure of each of the prior applications is considered part of andis incorporated by reference in the disclosure of this application.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to the field of orally administrablepharmaceutical dosage units; in particular, units in the form of anedible mass, such as a chunk.

2. Background Information

Formulation of a drug into an edible medication, such as a chewabletablet or confection, can increase patient acceptance of the medication,especially animals, who tend to resist swallowing hard tablets orcapsules. Unfortunately, many drugs and other active ingredients(collectively, “actives”) have a strongly bitter or otherwiseunpalatable taste, making chewing them unpleasant.

Flavorings are commonly added to chewable medications to enhance theirpalatability. For example, a veterinary medication might include animalproduct-based flavorings such as uncooked dried meat parts such as beef,pork, chicken, turkey, fish and lamb; organ meats such as liver; meatmeals, bone meals and ground bone; and animal-derived food such ascasein, milk (which may include dry forms and lowered fat forms, such asdry skim milk), yogurt, gelatin, cheese and egg (collectively, “animalorigin flavorings”) may be utilized.

However, use of many animal origin flavorings (especially of meat,poultry or seafood origin) risks exposure to infectious agents, not onlyto the recipient of the drug, but also through contamination ofmanufacturing equipment on which the flavored dosage units are made. Forthis reason, manufacturing facilities that prepare pharmaceuticalproducts with animal origin flavorings are often devoted exclusively totheir preparation, at a correspondingly greater cost than would beincurred if manufacturing could be performed in a facility capable ofconcurrently processing multiple products.

Texture is also an issue for chewable medications. One of the mostcommonly used form for chewable dosage units is the compressed tablet,whose ingredients (including the actives and inactive ingredients suchas binders) can make the tablet gritty or otherwise unappealing,especially to animals. Thus, a preferred alternative dosage form for useespecially with animals is the “edible soft chew,” generally a meat-likemass or chunk also widely found in consumable pet treats, having asoftness similar to a cooked ground meat patty.

Edible soft chews are typically manufactured by blending and extrusion.Pre-mixed ingredients are introduced into an extruder barrel with ascrew therein, then mixed, coagulated, expanded and sheared into ablended mixture, followed by application of additional heat if a hardertexture is desired, or water has been introduced into the mixture. Waterintroduced into the mixture must generally be of pharmaceutical grade,as it will be retained within the mixture. The blended mixture is thenformed into a desired shape on a die plate, then cut into individualunits.

The heat generated during the extrusion process can cause deteriorationin the stability (potency or integrity) of the active in the mixture,causing the effective dose provided by each unit formed to vary. Inparticular, the heat from compression exerted during extrusion,especially auger extrusion can exceed the melting point of manycompounds. Consistency of texture, shape and weights of the chews frombatch to batch of extruded material can also suffer.

There is a need, therefore, for a method of manufacture for edible softchewable medications in which the blending of actives into the chewmixture is achieved without generation of heat at a level that wouldcause the active to wholly or partially degrade. Preferably, the methodwould be performed without application of any heat above roomtemperature to the mixture or formed product. It is also desirable thatthe chews be susceptible to manufacture without use of costly,pharmaceutical grade water as an ingredient. There is also a need in theart for a edible soft chew medication whose taste appeals to animalswithout use of ingredients that may include infectious agents orcontaminants. Further, it is highly desirable for the manufacturingmeans employed to produce chewable medications to do so in a manner thatensures consistent chew weights, texture and active dosages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a unique edible soft chew dosage form medicationand processes for its manufacture. The edible soft chews of theinvention are particularly palatable to pet animals. They containinactive ingredients of at least food grade quality, and most preferablydo not contain inactive ingredients of animal origin. As such, theedible soft chews may be manufactured without concern about transmissionof infectious agents or contaminants, and without risk ofcross-contaminating other products produced in the same manufacturingfacility.

The manufacturing processes of the invention allow the edible soft chewsto be produced wherein the blending of actives into the chew mixture isachieved without generation of heat at a level that would cause theactive to wholly or partially degrade. The method is performed so thechew mixture and formed chews are not exposed to temperatures at orabove those typically generated by compression and/or shear stressexerted in extrusion, which may be measured by means known to those ofordinary skill in the manufacturing arts (see, e.g., Vermeulen et al.,Chemical Engineering Science (1971) 26: 1445-1455; Chung et al., PolymerEngineering and Science (1977) 17: 9-20; Mount et al., PolymerEngineering and Science (1982) 22(12): 729-737; Lindt, J. T., ConferenceProceedings, ANTEC '84, Society of Plastics Engineers (1984) 73-76;Rauwendaal, C., Conference Proceedings, ANTEC '93, Society of PlasticsEngineers (1993) 2232-2237; Miller et al., Conference Proceedings, ANTEC'74, Society of Plastics Engineers (1974) 243-246; Derezinski, S. J.,Conference Proceedings, ANTEC '88, Society of Plastics Engineers (1988)105-108; Derezinski, S. J., Journal of Materials Processing &Manufacturing Science (1997) 6(1): 71-77; Derezinski, S. J., ConferenceProceedings, ANTEC '96, Society of Plastics Engineers (1996) 417-421).

Preferably, the chew mixture and formed chews are not exposed totemperatures of more than about 10° above room temperature (20° C.), maybe exposed to temperatures as low as 0° to about 10° below roomtemperature, and most preferably are maintained at room temperaturethroughout the blending and forming steps. As such, the actives in thechew mixture and formed chews are not exposed to heats above or belowthe temperatures stated during performance of the blending and formingsteps, whether by admixture with ingredients at temperatures outside thestated ranges, by application of heat generated by a heat source orcompression, or by other means. Stability of the actives is thereforepreserved during mixing and formation of the edible soft chews, and awell-blended, soft texture is provided.

No water is used as an ingredient of the chews, thereby avoiding theneed for use of costly pharmaceutical grade water, while reducing theopportunity for microbial growth or loss of potency by the active.

It has also been found that admixture of actives with an oil to form asuspension that is then admixed with the dry ingredients of the chewfacilitates uniform distribution of the active in the finished product.Preferably, the active will also be coated to conserve the potency ofthe active prior to admixture with the oil.

For the blending of the coated active suspension with other ingredientsof the edible soft chews (e.g., flavorings) a horizontal mixer ispreferably used. Such mixers are uniquely well-suited to spins the chewmixture into particulate form. The mixing action causes the ingredientsin the mixture to be cast away from the mixing vessel walls,crisscrossing the vessel to provide a uniformly blended mixture formedwithout application of heat. Because no cooling step is required, thetime to produce chews is shortened compared to cooking extrusionmethods.

The highly blended mixture produced is placed into molds withoutextrusion and formed into individual dosage units that are allowed toset without application of heat. Edible soft chews can be produced inany desired shape. Preferred mixing and molding equipment utilized inthe invention can provide individual edible soft chews with consistentlyblended ingredients, stably provided actives and consistent weights.

The edible soft chews of the invention are produced in palatable formwithout the use of any non-food grade inactive ingredients (or,preferably, any animal origin inactive ingredients). The manufacturingprocesses may therefore be performed without risk of potentialcross-contamination of other equipment in the facility with infectiousagents or contaminants derived from sources such as the animal-originmeat flavorings commonly used in chewable medications for animals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A. Materials for Use in Edible Soft Chews of the Invention

In general, edible soft chewable medications and treats include asinactive ingredients matter such as binding agents, vitamins, and colorsto enhance the manufacturability, texture and appearance of the product.Those of ordinary skill in the art will be familiar with such inactiveingredients, which need not include water for use in the invention. Noinedible ingredients are present within the soft chews.

For use in the invention, no inactive ingredients of the edible softchew should be of less than food grade quality and may be of higherquality (e.g., USP or NF grade). In this context, “food grade” refers tomaterial that does not contain or impart chemicals or agents hazardousto health. Thus, a food grade flavoring, if of animal origin, will beone that has been prepared to substantially reduce or eliminate thepresence of infectious agents or contaminants therein; e.g., byprocesses such as pasteurization, pressurization or irradiation.

The latter process in particular can effectively eliminate infectiousagents such as E. coli 0157:H7, Salmonella and Campylobacter from a widevariety of food and animal-derived substances, such as raw meatproducts, vegetables, grains and fruits. Preferably, however, ediblesoft chews of the invention will not contain any animal originingredients, and most preferably will not contain any animal originflavorings. All ingredients should be pharmaceutically acceptable (e.g.,food grade, USP or NF, as appropriate).

Flavorings are preferably present in edible soft chews of the inventionthat are at least food grade in quality, and most preferably excludeanimal origin flavorings. Preferred non-animal origin flavorings areplant proteins, such as soy protein, to which edible artificialfood-like flavorings has been added (e.g., soy-derived bacon flavoring).Depending on the target animal, other non-animal flavorings couldinclude anise oil, carob, peanuts, fruit flavors, sweeteners such ashoney, sugar, maple syrup and fructose, herbs such as parsley, celeryleaves, peppermint, spearmint, garlic, or combinations thereof.

A particularly preferred flavoring for use in the invention is Provesta™356, made by Ohly, Inc. It is a light tan, water-soluble powder thatbuilds on the properties of yeast extracts and reaction flavors toprovide a pleasant smoky, cured bacon flavor. Provesta 356 contains noanimal derived ingredients.

For administration to horses and other grazing animals, as well as smallanimals such as rabbits, hamsters, gerbils, and guinea pigs, grains andseeds are especially appealing additional flavoring agents. The grainsmay be present in any form consistent with the production of the chewincluding flour, bran, cereal, fiber, whole grain and meal forms,including gluten meals, and may be rolled, crimped, ground, dehydratedor milled. Minerals may also be added as flavorings, such as salt andother spices. Preferably, the grain utilized is dehydrated, milled orflaked. Vegetables such as dehydrated carrots and seeds such assafflower seeds or milo seeds are especially appealing to small animalsand may be included.

Further, agents which enhance the manufacturability and texture of aedible soft chew may include softening agents (which may be ananti-sticking agent), an anti-caking agent or lubricant, and a humectantor wetting agent. Illustrative examples of lubricants or anti-cakingagents which may be used in the invention include magnesium stearate,calcium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols. If melted, the agents arereturned to room temperature +/−10° before admixture with an active,sodium lauryl sulfate, or mixtures thereof. Magnesium stearate isparticularly preferred for lubrication and as a component to aid insetting the edible soft chews after molding.

Humectants illustratively include glycerol and propylene glycol, andwetting agents include cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate. Glycerinis a preferred humectant useful in maintaining the softness of theedible soft chew over the shelf life of the product. Glycerin is aclear, colorless, odorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid.

An anti-sticking agent, preferably polyethylene glycol and mostpreferably PEG 3350 (Dow Chemical), will preferably be included in theedible soft chew mixture before molding at a volume of about 1.0% to3.0% w/w. After molding, the edible soft chews with the addedanti-sticking agent will set-up, usually over a period of 8 to 24 hoursfor PEG 3350. PEG 3350 congeals quickly, softens the chew mixture, andprevents the edible soft chew units from sticking together aftermolding.

Paraffin wax or polyethylene glycol 8000 (carbowax) will preferably beincluded in the soft chew mixture before molding at 1.0% to 3.0%. If waxis used, it is melted at 50° C. before being added to the soft chewmixture after mixing. After molding, the soft chews with the added waxwill set-up, usually over a period of 8 to 24 hours. The wax congealsquickly, softens the chew mixture, and prevents the soft chew units fromsticking together after molding.

Softening agents utilized are those which limit density and hardness ofthe edible soft chew product. Such agents may include polysaccharidesand fiber. A polysaccharide may be included in the form of a complexfood such as a fruit, a plant starch such as potato or tapioca starch.Polysaccharide may also be provided separately, for example, in the formof chondroitin sulfate or glucosamine HCI.

Fiber may be also provided as filler or as a bulking agent and toprovide or maintain porosity in the edible soft chew. Fibers used tothis end may be derived from fruits, grains, legumes, vegetables orseeds, or provided in forms such as wood fiber, paper fiber or cellulosefiber such as powdered cellulose fiber. A particularly preferred suchbulking agent for use in the invention is bran, such as oat bran.

Other bulking agents that may be utilized include any food gradematerial, including hydrocolloid thickeners and binders, such as gumarabic, pectins, modified starches, alginates, carrageenans, xanthangums, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, propylene glycolalginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), carboxyvinyl polymers (such asCarbopol®), polyethylene oxide polymers (such as Polyox®), talc,dicalcium phosphate, and antacids.

Binders utilized in edible soft chews may be a sticky substance, butwill preferably give the edible soft chew product a food-like texture.In general, binders may include molasses, corn syrup, peanut butter, astarch such as potato starch, tapioca starch or corn starch, honey,maple syrup and sugars. Preferred binders for use in edible soft chewsof the invention are starches.

A particularly preferred binder is Starch 1500, a pregelatinized starchmade by Colorcon Corporation. Pregelatinized starch is a starch that hasbeen chemically and/or mechanically modified to rupture all or part ofthe starch granules and so render the starch flowable. It contains 5% offree amylase, 15% of free amylopectin and 80% unmodified starch. Thesource is from corn.

Powdered sugar (sucrose) serves well as a sweetener as well as a binder.Sucrose is obtained from either sugar cane or sugar beets. Salt and/orother spices may be added as appropriate, with salt being especiallypreferred to enhance flavor.

A preservative such as potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate or calciumpropionate may be included in order to retard growth of microorganismsand fungi. Tenox 4 is a combination of BHA and BHT anti-oxidants, madeby Eastman Chemicals. It is a preferred and convenient preservationsystem.

Vitamins may be provided according to the nutritional requirements ofthe target animal, and may be provided as an element of oils utilized.Vitamins are also present in various oils that may be added as softeningagents; for example, canola oil, corn oil, soybean oil and vegetableoil.

For formation of an active suspension, as well as a flavor enhancer andsoftening agent, oils are utilized. Vegetable oils (such as corn,safflower, cottonseed, soybean and olive oils) are especially preferred,with soybean oil being most preferred.

Excipients that may be utilized include starches, cellulose, orderivatives or mixtures thereof, in amounts ranging, for example, fromabout 1 to about 60 percent (w/w), preferably from about 2 to about 50percent, more preferably from about 15 to 50 percent. For example, theexcipient may consist of sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinized cornstarch (Starch 1500), crospovidone (Polyplasdone XL™, InternationalSpecialty Products), and croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol™, FMC Corp.),and derivatives thereof.

Excipients may be used to create a trituration of an active. Forexample, to create a 10% trituration, 100 grams of the active iscombined with 900 grams of an excipient, such as a preferred excipient,Starch 1500. Ideally, a geometric dilution of the active is performed,whereby it is first dissolved in a suitable alcohol solvent; e.g., ethylalcohol. The dissolved active is then combined with the excipient, andthe alcohol allowed to evaporate. This step enables a small amount ofactive to be comprehensively and evenly mixed throughout the starch. Thedry mixture is sifted through a screen mesh, fluidized, and is thenpreferably coated.

If a coating is to be provided (to help protect the stability of theactive and mask its taste), food grade coatings are preferred, such asan aqueous film coat from Colorcon Corporation sold as OPADRY™. OPADRYis a methylcellulose based product with a plasticizer and pigment. Sincethe coating is aqueous based, no special handling precautions arerequired during manufacture of the edible soft chew. However, afteradministration, the aqueous film coat will start to erode and/ordissolve within minutes when exposed to water or other liquids in thestomach. Therefore, disintegration and dissolution of the edible softchew should not be delayed after it is administered to the subject.

Any orally administrable active drug or other biologically activecompound may be provided in the edible soft chews of the invention.However, the invention is uniquely well-suited to use with actives thatare heat-labile, especially at temperatures in excess of 30° C. Those ofordinary skill in the human and/or veterinary pharmaceutical arts willbe entirely familiar with the identity of such actives which mayinclude, without limitation, antibiotics, analgesics, antivirals,antifungals, anthelmetics, endo- and ecto-parasticides, hormones and/orderivatives thereof, anti-inflammatories (including non-steroidalanti-inflammatories), steroids, behavior modifiers, vaccines, antacids,laxatives, anticonvulsants, sedatives, tranquilizers, antitussives,antihistamines, decongestants, expectorants, appetite stimulants andsuppressants, minerals and vitamins.

The amounts of each of the components in the final product may be variedconsiderably, depending upon the nature of the drug, the weight andcondition of the subject treated, and the unit dosage desired. Those ofordinary skill in the art will be able to adjust dosage amounts forparticular actives in the edible soft chews in light of the teachings ofthis disclosure. Generally, however, the active may be provided by rangein weight based on the total weight of the composition from about 0.001%to 75% (w/w), more preferably 0.095% to 40%, and most preferably not inexcess of 50%. For example, for administration of an anthelmetic todogs, such as ivermectin for treatment of heartworms (see, Example 1)triturated with starch could be added to comprise 31.2% of the foregoingmixture.

The formula described for the exemplary product may be easily modifiedfor delivery of actives to other species. For example, equine ediblesoft chews may be based on the same basic formula, substituting molassespowder, oat bran and apple for the bacon. Flavorings particularlyappealing to cats include artificial soy based compounds with afish-like flavor. Human recipients may prefer sweeter flavorings, suchas sugars or molasses.

The edible soft chews of the invention may be packaged individually foradministration and stable storage. Examples of suitable packagingmaterials include HDPE bottles or foil/foil packaging.

B. Processes for Manufacturing Edible Soft Chews of the Invention

Active and inactive ingredients for a edible soft chew of the inventionare added to a mixing vessel of a horizontal mixer capable of blendingthe material and casting it against the side of the mixing vessels. Thisaction permits the ingredients to be well and consistently blendedwithout application of heat or addition of pharmaceutical grade water tothe mixture.

Horizontal mixers generally comprise a mixing chamber, an elongated,horizontal mixing shaft which rotates, and a plurality of mixing toolswhich depend generally perpendicularly from the horizontal shaft torotate around the inside of the chamber (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.5,735,603, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by thisreference). The mixing tools are configured and dimensioned as requiredfor the mixing process to follow the shape of the chamber walls asrotated for proper mixing of all of material present. Some such mixingchambers are cylindrically shaped, while others are trough-shaped, suchas mixers which are commonly referred to in the art as double-arm mixersor ribbon mixers.

In general, a horizontal mixer will have a horizontal mixing shaftextending out of the chamber at both ends. In a motorized mixer, at oneend of the shaft, referred to as the drive end, the shaft is operablycoupled to a drive motor for rotating the shaft. At the drive end, theshaft is typically coupled through a bearing structure located betweenthe drive motor and the chamber. The bearing structure provides supportof the shaft drive end and also ensures smooth rotation. A separate sealstructure is often provided further in along the length of the shaft toseal it against leakage of material into and out of the mixing chamber.

A particularly preferred mixer for use in the invention used is a ploughtype ribbon mixer with optional agitating blades, sold under the FXMSeries™ trademark by Littleford Day Corporation. A 200 kg capacityblender can be used for commercial scale production, and is capable ofproducing as little as 50 kg of chew mixture for research scale work. Noheat is applied during mixing, and the blended product produced has aconsistent weight, ingredient distribution and texture from batch tobatch.

Preferably, dry ingredients of the chew mixture are blended first, thenan oil suspension of the active blended therein, followed by admixturewith the liquid ingredients (e.g., humectants and softening agents) toform a thoroughly blended mixture. After blending, the chew mixture isdischarged without compression from a port through the blender into asuitable container for processing into individual dosage units with aforming machine.

A variety of forming equipment may be utilized in the invention, butthose particularly preferred for use are molding machines developed foruse in producing molded food products, such as pre-formed hamburgerpatties and chicken nuggets. For example, the molding machines disclosedin U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,486,186; 3,887,964; 3,952,478; 4,054,967; 4,097,961;4,182,003; 4,334,339; 4,338,702; 4,343,068; 4,356,595; 4,372,008;4,535,505; 4,597,135; 4,608,731; 4,622,717; 4,697,308; 4,768,941;4,780,931; 4,818,446; 4,821,376; 4,872,241; 4,975,039; 4,996,743;5,021,025; 5,022,888; 5,655,436; and 5,980,228 (the disclosures of whichare incorporated herein) are representative of forming equipment thatmay be utilized in the invention.

Preferred forming equipment for use in the invention are moldingmachines that do not apply compression heat to the chew mixture, such asthe Formax F6™ molding machine made by the Formax Corporation. The F6machine has the capabilities of 60 stokes per minute. A square formingdie of 6″ by 6″ can be used to form approximately 16 chunk-like ediblesoft chew units per stroke, each unit weighing 4 grams and beingapproximately ⅝″ by ⅝″ in size. Dies for production of other shapes(e.g., bone shaped chews) may also be utilized.

In such a machine, a rotary valve opens to cause the chew mixture toflow through fill slots beneath into a first set of mold cavities. Amold plate is advanced, forcing the chew mixture into a second set ofcavities, then the mold plate is retracted so the cycle can begin again.The molding mechanism is hydraulic, and works by light pressure on themolding plate, without application of heat.

A knockout mechanism is provided with cups that align with the cavitiesto eject molded mixture from all the mold plate cavities simultaneously.For molding edible soft chews of the invention, such a machine couldproduce an output per hour of approximately 57,600 units, assuming useof a blender mixture yielding 50,000 units per sub batch. Each batch ofchews may be packaged in bulk or, preferably, each chew is thenindividually packaged for storage.

The invention having been fully described, its practice is illustratedby the examples provided below. Standard abbreviations and measurementsapply throughout the examples unless a contrary definition is given. Theexamples do not limit the scope of the invention, which is definedentirely by the appended claims.

EXAMPLE 1 Edible Soft Chew Formulation

An example of a edible soft chew suitable for delivery of an active isset forth in Formula 1 below.

Formula 1: Concentration % w/w Ingredient 44.69 Starch 1500, USP 19.0Bacon Flavor (Provesta ™ 356), Food Grade 2.0 Polyethylene glycol 335020.0 Glycerin, USP 7.0 Vegetable Oil (soybean), USP 0.1 Tenox 4, FoodGrade 1.0 Magnesium Stearate, USP 1.0 Yeast Flavoring 5.0Croscarmellose, sodium N.F. 0.2 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.001 FD&C CarmineDye

EXAMPLE 2 Method for Coating Active Ingredients of Edible Soft Chews ofthe Invention

A 10% trituration of active (ivermectin) was made by dissolving 100grams of ivermectin into ethyl alcohol, then mixing the active in 900grams of Starch 1500 for 3 to 5 minutes. The resultant trituration wasallowed to stand until dry, then milled and screened through a 20 meshscreen. The screened trituration was fluidized in a fluidized bedcolumn. A food grade coating (OPADRY™) was applied to the trituratedactive using a Wurster coater. A top spray fluidized coater, or othersuitable device, could also be used for this step. The coated active wasthen admixed in soybean oil to form a suspension.

EXAMPLE 3 Exemplary Method of Manufacture for Edible Soft Chews of theInvention

All dry ingredients listed in Examples 1 and 2 were sifted through a 20mesh screen, then placed into the mixing vessel of a horizontal mixingblender and mixed for 5 minutes. The glycerin was added slowly followedby the slow addition of the vegetable oil/ active suspension, and Tenox4 which had been added to the oil. The product was mixed for 3 minutes.The PEG 3350 was melted then added relatively quickly to the chewmixture, which was then mixed for an additional minute. The mixtureresembled a “cookie dough-like” appearance.

The mixture was formed into individual chunks using a Formax F6™ moldingmachine with dies for production of chunk-like shapes, and packaged forstorage.

The invention having been fully described, its scope is defined by theclaims appended hereto.

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for manufacturing an edible softchewable medication comprising: (a) blending an active ingredient withan oil and dry inactive ingredients including a flavoring, a binder, abulking agent, a humectant and an excipient, wherein blending isperformed at no more than about 10 °C. above room temperature; (b)blending an anti-sticking agent selected from the group consisting ofpolyethylene glycol and paraffin wax with the blended ingredients ofstep (a) to form an edible soft chew mixture having a cookie dough-liketexture; and (c) molding the edible soft chew mixture into individualdosage units of the edible soft chewable medication without use ofextrusion wherein the dosage units so formed are of consistent weightand active content from unit to unit.
 2. The process of claim 1, whereinthe excipient comprises a starch, a cellulose, crospovidone, derivativesthereof, or a mixture thereof.
 3. The process of claim 2, wherein theexcipient comprises starch.
 4. The process of claim 3, wherein thestarch constitutes from about 15 to 50 percent (w/w) of the edible softchewable medication.
 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the polyethyleneglycol anti-sticking agent has an average molecular weight of about 3350g/mol.
 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene glycolanti-sticking agent constitutes from about 1 to 3 percent (w/w) of theedible soft chewable medication.
 7. The process of claim 4, wherein thepolyethylene glycol anti-sticking agent constitutes from about 1 to 3percent (w/w) of the edible soft chewable medication.
 8. The process ofclaim 1, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the groupconsisting of an anthelmetic, an analgesic, an antibiotic, an antiviral,an anti-inflammatory, an endoparasiticide, an ectoparasiticide, anantifungal, and combinations thereof.
 9. The process of claim 1, whereinthe active ingredient comprises a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. 10.The process of claim 1, wherein the active ingredient comprises anantibiotic.
 11. The process of claim 1, wherein the active ingredientcomprises ivermectin.
 12. The process of claim 1, wherein the activeingredient is coated.
 13. The process of claim 1, wherein the flavoringis a flavoring of non-animal origin.
 14. The process of claim 1, whereinthe oil comprises soybean oil.
 15. The process of claim 1, wherein thehumectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, propyleneglycol, cetyl alcohol, and glycerol monostearate.
 16. The process ofclaim 1, wherein the dry inactive ingredients are of non-animal origin.17. The process of claim 1, further comprising preparing a triturationof the active ingredient with the excipient before the active ingredientis added to the dry inactive ingredients.
 18. The process of claim 1,further comprising forming an active suspension comprising a coatedactive ingredient and the oil prior to blending the active ingredientsuspension with the dry inactive ingredients.
 19. The process of claim1, wherein molding the edible soft chew mixture into individual dosageunits comprises knocking out the edible soft chewable medication from acavity of a mold plate.
 20. The process of claim 1, wherein molding theedible soft chew mixture into individual dosage units is performed at nomore than 10° C. below room temperature.
 21. The process of claim 1,wherein blending of the active ingredient with the dry ingredients isperformed at no more than 10° C. below room temperature.
 22. The processof claim 1, wherein the bulking agent comprises dicalcium phosphate.